Boolean and Proximity Operators

Boolean and proximity operators can be used to create a more precise query.

Hints:

• You can use parentheses to nest expressions within a query. The expressions in parentheses are evaluated before the rest of the query.
• Use double quotes (") to indicate that a boolean or near operator keyword should be ignored in your query. For example, "Abbot and Costello" will match pages with the phrase, not pages that match the boolean expression.
• The Near operator returns a match if the words are within 50 words of each other.
• The Not operator can only be used after an And operator in content queries; it can only be used to exclude pages that match a previous content restriction. For property value queries, the Not operator can be used apart from the And operator

Wildcards

Wildcard operators are useful for finding pages with words similar to a given word.

Free-Text Queries

The query engine finds pages that best match the words and phrases in a free-text query. This is done by automatically finding pages that match the meaning, not the exact wording, of the query. Boolean, proximity, and wildcard operators are ignored within a free-text query. Free-text queries are prefixed with "$contents".

Vector Space Queries

The query engine supports vector space queries. Vector queries return pages that match a list of words and phrases. The rank of each page indicates how well the page matched the query.

• Components in vector queries are separated by commas.
• Components in vector queries can be weighted using the [weight] syntax.
• Pages returned by vector queries don't necessarily match every term in the query.
• Vector queries work best when the results are sorted by rank.

Property Value Queries

Property value queries can be used to find files that have property values that match a given criteria. The properties over which you can query include basic file information like file name and file size, and OLE properties including the document summary that is stored in files created by OLE-aware applications.

There are two types of property queries, relational queries and regular expression queries.

• Relational property queries consist of an at character (@), a property name, a relational operator, and a property value. For example, to find all of the files larger than one million bytes, issue the query "@size > 1000000".
• Regular expression property queries consist of a pound character (#), a property name, and a regular expression for the property value. For example, to find to find all of the video (AVI) files, issue the query "# filename *.avi". Regular expressions will never match the special properties contents (#contents) and all (#all).

Property names are preceded by either the at (@) or pound (#) character. Use (@) for relational queries, and (#) for regular expression queries.

If no property name is specified, @contents is assumed.

Properties available for all files include:

OLE property values can also be used in queries. Web sites with files created by most OLE-aware applications can be queried for these properties:

A more complete list of properties can be found here.

Relational operators are used in relational property queries.

Property values

• Be sure to use the pound (#) character before the property name when using a regular expression in a property value, and an at (@) character otherwise. The equal (=) relational operator is assumed for regular expression queries.
• File name (#filename) is the only property that supports regular expressions with wildcards to the left of text. Wildcards in regular expressions for all other properties must come after a prefix.
• Date and time values are of the form yyyy/mm/dd hh:mm:ss. The first two characters of the year and the entire time can be omitted. Dates and times are in GMT.
• Dates and times relative to the current time can be expressed with a minus (-) character followed by zero or more integer and time unit pairs. Time units are expressed as: (y) for years, (m) for months, (w) for weeks, (d) for days, (h) for hours, (n) for minutes, and (s) for seconds.
• Currency values are of the form x.y, where x is the whole value amount and y is the fractional amount. There is no assumption about units.
• Boolean values are (t) or (true) for true and (f) or (false) for false.
• Vectors (VT_VECTOR) are expressed as an opening brace ({), a comma-separated list of values, then a closing brace (}).
• Single value expressions that are compared against vectors are expressed as a relational operator, then a (^a) for All Of or a (^s) for Some Of.
• Numeric values can be in decimal or hex (preceeded by 0x).
• The contents property does not support relational operators. If a relational operator is specified, no results will be found. For example, "@contents Microsoft" will find documents containing Microsoft, but "@contents=Microsoft" will find none.

Regular expressions in property queries are defined as follows:

• Any character except, *, ., ?, and | defaults to matching just itself.
• Regular expressions can be enclosed in matching quotes ("), and must be enclosed in quotes if they contain a space ( ) or closing parenthesis ()).
• *, ., and ? behave as they behave in Windows/NT (match any number of characters, match (.) or end of sentence, and match any one character respectively)
• | is an escape character. After |, the following characters have special meaning:
  • ( opens a group. Must be followed by a matching )
  • ) closes a group. Must be preceded by a matching (
  • [ opens a character class. Must be followed by a matching (un-escaped) ]
  • { opens a counted match. Must be followed by a matching }
  • } closes a counted match. Must be preceded by a matching {
  • , separates OR clauses
  • * matches zero of more occurrences of preceding expression.
  • ? matches zero or one occurrences of preceding expression.
  • + matches one or more occurrences of preceding expression.
  • anything else, including | matches itself
• Between [ and ] the following characters have special meaning:
  • ^ Match everything but following classes. Must be the first character.
  • ] Matches ]. May only be preceded by ^, otherwise it closes the class.
  • - Range operator. Preceded and followed by normal characters
  • anything else matches itself (or begins/ends a range at itself)
• Between { and } the following syntax applies:
  • |{m|} matches exactly m occurrences of the preceding expression. (0 < m < 256)
  • |{m,|} matches at least m occurrences of the preceding expression. (1 < m < 256)
  • |{m,n|} matches between m and n occurrences of the preceding expression, inclusive. (0 < m < 256, 0 < n < 256)
• To match *, ., and ?, enclose them in brackets (e.g. |[*]foo will match "*foo")

Query Examples